Q1
Walk me through how you would perform reconnaissance on a target organization during the initial phases of a penetration test. What tools would you use, and how would you avoid detection?
Why they ask this:* They're assessing your understanding of passive and active information gathering techniques, tool proficiency (Shodan, theHarvester, Nmap), and your ability to balance thoroughness with operational security.
Q2
Explain the differences between SQL injection, blind SQL injection, and time-based SQL injection. How would you exploit each one, and what mitigation strategies would you recommend?
Why they ask this:* They're evaluating your depth of knowledge in web application vulnerabilities, understanding of attack mechanics, and ability to provide actionable remediation advice to clients.
Q3
Describe your experience with common exploitation frameworks like Metasploit or Cobalt Strike. Can you provide an example of a complex payload chain you've built and explain the post-exploitation steps you took?
Why they ask this:* They want to confirm hands-on experience with industry-standard tools, your ability to chain exploits together, and your understanding of post-compromise activities and lateral movement.
Q4
How do you approach testing an OAuth 2.0 or SAML 2.0 implementation? What are the common misconfigurations you've encountered, and how did you validate the vulnerabilities?